Most biopharmaceuticals are manufactured in large-scale stainless-steel piping and vessels, with downstream processes taking place within rigid and inflexible facilities. Although process steps such as harvest, purification, fermentation, filtration, dispensing, and freezing require flexibility, stainless steel has not been replaced yet by single-use systems at a large scale. However, manufacturers wanting to optimize process efficiency and scalability to obtain a viable and valuable product for commercial use inevitably will need single-use technology. Aseptic fluid management with single-use systems offers numerous…