Emergent hid evidence of contamination and destroyed nearly 400m doses of J&J and AstraZeneca vaccines, a US Government report has found.

Dan Stanton, Managing editor

May 12, 2022

5 Min Read
Emergent ditched 400m vaccines amid quality and staff issues, report finds
The beleaguered Bayview facility in Maryland. Image c/o Google

Emergent BioSolutions hid evidence of contamination and destroyed nearly 400 million doses of J&J and AstraZeneca vaccines, a US Government staff report has found.

Emergent was one of the benefactors from the US Government’s efforts in countering COVID-19, winning a Trump Administration contract worth $628 million to make the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) and AstraZeneca vaccines.

However, the contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) was hit with an FDA Form 483 and a directive to stop production at its Bayview, Maryland facility in April 2021 following an ingredient mix up. It was reported at the time that around 15 million doses were deemed unusable.

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The beleagured Bayview facility in Maryland. Image c/o Google

But according to a House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis report published this week, manufacturing deficiencies at Bayview were far more serious than first described, and nearly 400 million doses of coronavirus vaccines were destroyed because of Emergent’s failure to meet or maintain quality standards.

“Emergent’s failures wasted hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars and impacted our country’s ability to meet the urgent, global need for coronavirus vaccines,” the report concluded.

“Emergent’s inability to meet or maintain quality standards at its Bayview facility, both before and after the Trump Administration awarded a multimillion-dollar contract, raises questions about whether additional contracting controls could have prevented the destruction of nearly 400 million doses of coronavirus vaccine and the loss of taxpayer funds.”

The full report can be found below, but it shows that between July 2020 and April 2021 nearly 200 million J&J and over 100 million AstraZeneca vaccine doses made at Bayview were aborted, rejected, or expired. Between August 2021 and February 2022, a further 90 million J&J jabs were destroyed.

Emergent, in a statement, described the Committe’s report as “nothing new,” detailing “the same information we have transparently given to regulators and the media over the past two years.” However, the firm disputes the 400 million dose figure, saying:

“It is very difficult to estimate dose equivalents for batches that do not complete the manufacturing process or leave the facility to be turned into vaccine. While unfortunate, a batch of drug substance may test out of specification for a variety of reasons whether during the manufacturing process or after the process is complete. Rigorous testing and reporting when such events occur is critical, and it is what happened in the case of the single batch of J&J drug substance found to be out of specification in March 2021. To equate these quality control actions with a ‘discarded dose’ figure displays a lack of understanding regarding the biomanufacturing process.”

Compliance and staffing issues

Amid Emergent’s GMP failing, the Committee found the firm guilty of hiding evidence of contamination from government inspectors.

“Documents reveal that immediately before an FDA site visit in February 2021, Emergent employees removed quality-assurance ‘hold tags’ from J&J vaccine batches – which indicated that the containers had a potential quality issue.

“In an email obtained by the Committees, an outside consultant stated that the tags were removed ‘to avoid drawing attention’ from FDA inspectors. Documents also show that Emergent personnel expressed concern that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) was “getting too involved” following the company’s cross-contamination of the Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca vaccines in March 2021, and company executives strategized regarding how to evade questions from HHS.”

Emergent’s quality systems and ability to manufacture vaccines in compliance with GMP were also hindered by “inexperienced staff and high employee turnover” at Bayview. Senior management acknowledged this in reports submitted to the HHS in July and August 2020, which stated staff were mostly “temporary employees [with] little or no pharmaceutical experience.”

Emergent’s customers were also aware of these deficiencies, the report said, with a J&J representative telling the Committee: “It was difficult to establish a relation [sic] with Site Quality Head as it was changing over time.” Meanwhile, AstraZeneca representatives “specifically noted that high turnover was a ‘disruption’ and uncommon at other contract manufacturing organizations they work with. One AstraZeneca representative said: ‘The quality organization was not running like a clock. There were definitely gaps and issues in the quality organization.’”

The report also revealed the Biden Administration permanently halted production of AstraZeneca’s vaccine at Bayview on April 11, 2021, and five days later, HHS paused manufacturing of the J&J vaccine and began withholding payments to Emergent.

Costs

“In total, Emergent received $330 million in taxpayer dollars under the contract awarded by the Trump Administration, as well as millions from its private contracts with AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson. The Biden Administration’s decision to terminate the contract saved taxpayers more than $320 million remaining on the contract.”

J&J has also been left with significant costs associated with the Bayview plant: $11 million in costs to respond to and remediate deficiencies that led to the cross-contamination, along with expenses for additional quality personnel, technical support, and equipment. AstraZeneca also reported that it paid Emergent more than $21 million for 18 batches of vaccines that were aborted or rejected.

“Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca representatives told the staff that both companies continue to incur substantial costs in connection with the issues at Bayview.”

According to the report, “shutdown activities are ongoing and Emergent plans to restart manufacturing by August 2022. As of May 8, 2022, FDA has been unwilling to share when its next inspection will occur.”

Coronavirus Vaccine Manufacturing Failures of Emergent BioSolutions by Dan Stanton on Scribd

About the Author(s)

Dan Stanton

Managing editor

Journalist covering the international biopharmaceutical manufacturing and processing industries.


Founder and editor of Bioprocess Insider, a daily news offshoot of publication Bioprocess International, with expertise in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors, in particular, the following niches: CROs, CDMOs, M&A, IPOs, biotech, bioprocessing methods and equipment, drug delivery, regulatory affairs and business development.


From London, UK originally but currently based in Montpellier, France through a round-a-bout adventure that has seen me live and work in Leeds (UK), London, New Zealand, and China.

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